A BMS (act as the interface between the battery and EV) plays an important role in improving battery performance and ensuring safe and reliable vehicle operation by adding an external balancing circuit to fully utilize the capacity of each cell in the battery pack. The overview of BMS is shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2. Overview of BMS.
A BMS for lithium-ion batteries acts as the "brain" of the battery pack, continuously monitoring, protecting, and optimizing performance to ensure safe operation and maximum lifespan. Understanding how BMS technology works is essential for anyone involved with lithium-ion applications.
Furthermore, the BMS manages the charger during battery charging and applies dependable battery equalization techniques based on the information supplied for each cell. This is done to ensure that each cell''s SoC remains as uniform as feasible during the charging and discharging cycles (Ruiz et al., 2018).
The BMS addresses these variations through sophisticated balancing systems. Passive balancing dissipates excess energy from higher-charged cells as heat through resistors, equalizing cell voltages during charging. Active balancing transfers energy from higher-charged cells to lower-charged ones using capacitors and inductors.
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